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View Full Version : Stephen Wolfram takedown


Jason McCullough
07-25-2006, 09:02 PM
I thought this (http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/wolfram/) was illuminating and funny.

Attention conservation notice: Once, I was one of the authors of a paper on cellular automata. Lawyers for Wolfram Research Inc. threatened to sue me, my co-authors and our employer, because one of our citations referred to a certain mathematical proof, and they claimed the existence of this proof was a trade secret of Wolfram Research. I am sorry to say that our employer knuckled under, and so did we, and we replaced that version of the paper with another, without the offending citation. I think my judgments on Wolfram and his works are accurate, but they're not disinterested.

With that out of the way: it is my considered, professional opinion that A New Kind of Science shows that Wolfram has become a crank in the classic mold, which is a shame, since he's a really bright man, and once upon a time did some good math, even if he has always been arrogant.

.....This is a genuinely new result. Rule 110 is the simplest CA (in terms of the number of states and the rule radius) which is known to support universal computation. (Indeed, in his 1985 book on cellular automata, Wolfram declared that universal computation in an elementary CA was obviously impossible.) However, lots of things are capable of universal computation — there's less interest in this kind of result than there was in, say, 1970. In 1990, for instance, Cristopher Moore (http://www.santafe.edu/%7Emoore/) devised a kind of idealized pin-ball machine which is capable of universal computation (http://www.santafe.edu/%7Emoore/pubs/gs.html). This result, like the one about rule 110, is neat for people who care about dynamical models of universal computation — on the order of a thousand scientists and mathematicians world wide. What Wolfram wants to claim is that, since one universal computer is equivalent to another, by studying the behavior of one we learn things which are true of all others (true), therefore Rule 110 is as complex as anything in the universe, and all intelligent life, including, perhaps, the gods must have much in common. This, to put it mildly, does not follow. Wolfram even goes on to refute post-modernism on this basis; I won't touch that except to say that I'd have paid a lot to see Wolfram and Jacques Derrida go one-on-one.

Talisker
07-25-2006, 09:50 PM
I don't object to speculation or radical proposals, even to radical, grandiose speculative proposals; I just want there to be arguments to back them up, reasons to take them seriously. I don't object to scientists displaying personality in their work, or staking out positions in vigorous opposition to much of the opinion in their field, and engaging in heated debate; I do object to ignoring criticism and claiming credit for commonplaces, especially before popular audiences who won't pick up on it. I don't even object to writing 1000 page tomes vindicating one's own views and castigating doubters; I do object to 1000 page exercises in badly-written intellectual masturbation. Consider, by way of contrast, the late physicist E. T. Jaynes. For four decades, he defended original, radical views on the role of probability in physics, the nature of statistical mechanics and the place of inductive reasoning in science. These views were hotly contested on all sides; Jaynes met criticism with astringent but engaged and intellectually honest replies. At the time of his death, he was working, as he had been for years, on a mammoth book (http://omega.math.albany.edu:8008/JaynesBook.html) that would have been the final, definitive statement of his views; even in the fragmentary state he left it, it was roughly as long as Wolfram's tome, and infinitely more valuable. I think Jaynes's ideas were dead wrong (http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410063), but I wouldn't dream of calling him a crank.


I suppose it's customary in writing reviews of this sort to try to say what has driven Wolfram to write such a bad, self-destructive book. But the truth is I couldn't care less. He has talent, and once had some promise; he has squandered them. I am going to keep my copy of A New Kind of Science, sitting on the same shelf as Atlantis in Wisconsin, The Cosmic Forces of Mu, Of Grammatology, and the people who think the golden ratio explains the universe.
Ouch.

Chris Nahr
07-26-2006, 02:49 AM
Interesting article. I really would like to know more about the true pancake shape of the earth, though!

JM
07-26-2006, 03:15 AM
Wolfram & Hart?

shift6
07-26-2006, 08:41 AM
Sadly, Woflram has been a kook for a long time. His core idea (using cellular automata to model everything) is interesting as a starting point for what may be some cool areas of research, but he draws a "prove everything" conclusion, which in most science is pretty much viewed as useless. I read about 30 pages of A New Kind of Science and didn't see the point.

Miramon
07-26-2006, 08:51 AM
I read (or I should say skimmed) Wolfram's massive new book. Dreadful stuff.

Practically no citations to other CA researchers. You'd think Rudy Rucker didn't exist. Many old results presented as new science. The gigantic revolutionary thrust of this book seems to be paraphrased:

"Some CAs degenerate and stabilize or die. Some CAs explode into useless chaos. Some in between are kind of interesting. Hey look, I can do incredibly inefficient math!"

Whoop de do. I think Conway intuited this major discovery 40 years ago or more and didn't bother to write it down.

And as regards universal computation, didn't some MIT team make a Conway-life Turing machine out of glider-guns many years ago? The fact that you can make a Turing machine out of pretty much anything is not very interesting. Somewhere, Church, Turing, and Von Neumann are furiously spinning in their graves.....

KaoFloppy
07-26-2006, 10:15 AM
Somewhere, Church, Turing, and Von Neumann are furiously spinning in their graves.....
...as part of a gigantic Turing machine?

I'm sorry. It's been a long work day yesterday, and clearly I haven't recovered yet. Sorry.

Midnight Son
07-26-2006, 11:05 AM
OT: Godel, Esher, Bach is really good when you're high.

LarryLard
07-27-2006, 03:21 AM
And as regards universal computation, didn't some MIT team make a Conway-life Turing machine out of glider-guns many years ago? The fact that you can make a Turing machine out of pretty much anything is not very interesting.

Yes. Using various glider guns, eaters, and all the other exciting Life stuff, it's possible to make things analogous to logic gates, and bistables, and all the other bits and pieces we need to compute. Which means that (very large, obviously) self-replicating Life patterns exist. Which means, given a large enough grid (and the theoretical Life grid is infinitely large) randomly seeded, self-replicating patterns will exist. And things that self-replicate in a noisy environment will mutate over time...

All this has been known for decades; the above is paraphrased from Martin Gardner, I think, or Conway, or Hofstadter, or Dewdney, or someone like that.

Rob Beschizza
07-27-2006, 05:13 PM
I used cellular automata to create a world map generator. The slug trails of creation (http://www.neverie.com/map.php)

It would not be entirely inaccurate to claim that Wolfram thinks the world might have been made by 25 lines of amateurish imperative PHP.

Chris Nahr
07-27-2006, 11:34 PM
That's very nice! You wouldn't happen to have the source code uploaded somewhere? I'm always on the lookout for map generation software...